A hernia occurs when an organ or piece of fatty tissue pushes through a weakness in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue. Abdominal hernias are among the most common reasons for elective surgery. This guide covers the three most common types and what recovery involves.
Inguinal Hernia
The most common type of hernia, particularly in men. An inguinal hernia occurs when tissue — usually part of the intestine — pushes through a weak point in the abdominal muscles into the groin.
Symptoms
- A visible bulge in the groin, which may extend into the scrotum
- Pain or discomfort when lifting, coughing, or bending
- A dragging sensation or feeling of heaviness in the groin
Treatment
- Laparoscopic repair: Minimally invasive; small incisions are used to place a mesh reinforcement with minimal disruption to surrounding tissue.
- Open repair: A single incision in the groin. Still widely used, particularly for recurrent or complex hernias.
Umbilical Hernia
An umbilical hernia occurs near the belly button, where part of the intestine or fatty tissue pushes through a weakness in the abdominal wall. Common in infants, but also occurs in adults — particularly those who are overweight or have had multiple pregnancies.
Symptoms
- A soft bulge or swelling around the navel
- Discomfort when coughing, straining, or lifting
- The bulge may increase in size when standing or straining and reduce when lying flat
Treatment
Repair involves returning the herniated tissue to the abdominal cavity and reinforcing the area with sutures or mesh. This can be performed laparoscopically or via a small open incision, depending on the size and complexity of the hernia.
Incisional Hernia
An incisional hernia develops at the site of a previous abdominal surgical incision, where the muscles have been weakened by the original operation.
Symptoms
- A bulge or swelling at or near the scar from previous surgery
- Discomfort or pain, particularly with exertion
- Symptoms tend to worsen over time if left untreated
Treatment
- Laparoscopic repair: Preferred for most incisional hernias; mesh is placed internally to reinforce the weakness.
- Open repair: May be necessary for larger or more complex defects, particularly those involving recurrence.
Recovery After Hernia Repair
Immediately After Surgery
- Most patients undergoing laparoscopic repair are discharged the same day. Open repair may require a one to two night stay.
- Some discomfort at the incision sites is normal and managed with simple analgesia.
- Light walking is encouraged from day one to reduce the risk of blood clots and aid recovery.
Activity and Return to Work
- Desk-based work can usually be resumed within one to two weeks.
- Avoid heavy lifting, strenuous exercise, or activities that strain the abdominal wall for four to six weeks.
- Those with physically demanding jobs will require a longer period before full duties can be resumed.
Diet
Resume normal eating as tolerated. A high-fibre diet is advisable in the first few weeks to avoid constipation, which can place excess strain on the repair.
Signs That Require Urgent Attention
- Redness, swelling, or discharge from the wound
- High fever or chills
- Sudden worsening pain at the surgical site
- A new or increasing bulge
Hernia repair performed by an experienced consultant surgeon carries an excellent prognosis. If you have a hernia and are considering your options, Mr Farid's team can arrange a prompt assessment.