Liver cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop within the liver. The great majority are benign and cause no symptoms. They are most commonly discovered incidentally during an ultrasound or CT scan carried out for another reason.
Types of Liver Cysts
- Simple cysts: The most common type. Thin-walled, fluid-filled, and almost always benign. Most require no treatment.
- Polycystic liver disease (PLD): A condition in which multiple cysts develop throughout the liver, sometimes in association with kidney cysts. It has a genetic basis.
- Hydatid cysts: Caused by infection with the Echinococcus parasite. These require specific treatment to prevent rupture and systemic spread.
- Biliary cysts (choledochal cysts): Affect the bile ducts and may cause obstruction. Surgical removal is usually recommended.
Symptoms
Most liver cysts produce no symptoms at all. When symptoms do occur — usually with larger cysts — they may include:
- A feeling of fullness or pressure in the upper right abdomen
- Dull aching pain in the right side
- Bloating or early satiety
Diagnosis
Liver cysts are typically identified on ultrasound or CT imaging. If a cyst has features that are unusual — such as internal debris, thick walls, or associated symptoms — further imaging or blood tests may be recommended to exclude more serious pathology.
When Is Treatment Needed?
The majority of simple liver cysts require no intervention and can be safely monitored with periodic imaging. Treatment is considered when a cyst is causing significant symptoms, is growing, or has concerning features.
Surgical Options
- Laparoscopic cyst deroofing: A minimally invasive procedure in which the roof of the cyst is removed laparoscopically, allowing permanent decompression. This is the preferred surgical approach for symptomatic simple cysts.
- Aspiration and sclerotherapy: The cyst is drained under ultrasound guidance and a sclerosing agent injected to reduce the risk of refilling. This is less durable than surgical deroofing but suitable in selected patients.
Long-Term Outlook
For simple liver cysts, the long-term outlook is excellent. Once treated, recurrence is uncommon. Most patients return to full normal activities quickly after laparoscopic surgery, and ongoing monitoring is straightforward. If you have been told you have a liver cyst and are uncertain whether it requires treatment, Mr Farid's team can arrange a prompt review.